Causes and risk factors of irritable bowel syndrome
There is no single cause of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The condition is thought to result from a combination of biological, psychological and environmental factors.
These factors include:
Diet. Eating foods that are high in fermentable carbohydrates, known as FODMAPs, may contribute to worsening symptoms in some people. FODMAPs are found in a range of foods, including some sweeteners, pulses, fruits and vegetables.
Psychological factors. Stress, anxiety and depression can worsen symptoms, partly because of the close relationship between the brain and the digestive system.
Previous gastrointestinal infections. In some cases, IBS develops following an acute gastrointestinal infection.
The gut microbiota. The community of microorganisms that live in the gut plays an essential role in maintaining health. Changes in the balance of these microorganisms, known as dysbiosis, may contribute to the development or worsening of IBS symptoms.
Genetic predisposition. Certain genetic factors may increase a person's susceptibility to developing IBS.
All of these factors can influence gut sensitivity, gut movement (gastrointestinal motility) and the way the brain interprets signals from the gut.
Substantiated information by:
Published: 25 September 2026
Updated: 25 September 2026
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