Frequently asked questions about postpartum psychosis

No. Postpartum psychosis is uncommon, affecting approximately 1–2 women per 1000 births. Although uncommon, it is a serious condition that requires urgent specialist medical attention.

There is no single test that can confirm a diagnosis of postpartum psychosis. The diagnosis is clinical and is based on an assessment of the symptoms, how quickly they develop and the postnatal context. In some cases, blood tests or other investigations may be carried out to rule out other medical conditions that can present with similar symptoms.

If left untreated, postpartum psychosis can pose serious risks to both the mother and the baby. These may include worsening symptoms, difficulties caring for the baby, and an increased risk of self-harm or other dangerous behaviour. With early treatment, the outlook is generally good.

Postpartum psychosis requires immediate treatment. This will usually involve initial hospital admission, medication (antipsychotics and, in some cases, mood stabilisers), as well as close follow-up by a specialist perinatal mental health team.

In most cases, postpartum psychosis does not become a long-term condition when it is treated appropriately. Many women make a full recovery. However, some women may have an underlying condition, such as bipolar disorder, which requires long-term follow-up and treatment.

In some cases, yes. The decision to continue breastfeeding while taking medication is always made on an individual basis, taking into account the potential benefits and risks and through shared decision-making with the patient. The main aim is to ensure the safety and wellbeing of both the mother and the baby.

If left untreated, postpartum psychosis can pose a risk to both the mother and baby, as it can affect the mother's judgement and behaviour. For this reason, it is considered a medical emergency. With appropriate treatment and specialist support, the risk can be significantly reduced.

During the acute phase of the illness, there may be difficulties developing the mother–baby bond. With appropriate treatment, family support and professional guidance, this bond can gradually develop or be re-established.

Not necessarily. Many women who have experienced postpartum psychosis go on to have more children.

However, careful planning before a future pregnancy, together with specialist follow-up during pregnancy and after childbirth, is essential to reduce the risk of relapse.

Yes. Bipolar disorder is the main known risk factor for developing postpartum psychosis. For this reason, women with bipolar disorder can particularly benefit from specialist follow-up during the perinatal period.

You should seek urgent medical help if, after childbirth, you experience symptoms such as sudden changes in mood, severe insomnia, confusion, unusual or strange thoughts, hallucinations, or thoughts of harming yourself or the baby. Postpartum psychosis is a medical emergency and requires immediate attention.

Family members have an important role in recovery. They can help ensure that the mother gets enough rest, provide emotional support, work with the healthcare team and look out for early signs of relapse. This support is particularly important after discharge from hospital.