Causes and risk factors associated with High blood pressure
In most cases, high blood pressure does not have a single identifiable cause. This is known as essential or primary hypertension and is the most common type. Its development is associated with the interaction of genetic, environmental, metabolic and lifestyle factors.
Less commonly, high blood pressure can be secondary, meaning that it is caused by an identifiable condition or factor. The most common causes include certain kidney diseases, hormonal or endocrine disorders, renal artery disease, obstructive sleep apnoea, the use of certain medicines and other specific conditions.
Several factors, in addition to its direct causes, can increase the risk of developing high blood pressure. Some of these are modifiable, meaning they can be prevented or managed through lifestyle changes and regular medical follow-up.
Some of the modifiable risk factors include:
There are also non-modifiable risk factors, such as age, a family history of high blood pressure and certain biological characteristics specific to each individual.
Many of these factors contribute to a gradual increase in blood pressure and promote changes in the blood vessels, such as increased arterial stiffness, as well as damage to target organs including the heart, kidneys, brain and arteries. For this reason, early detection and a comprehensive approach to cardiovascular risk management are essential.
Substantiated information by:
Published: 20 February 2018
Updated: 18 August 2026
Subscribe
Receive the latest updates related to this content.
Thank you for subscribing!
If this is the first time you subscribe you will receive a confirmation email, check your inbox
