Treatment of arterial High Blood Pressure

Following a healthy diet. Following a healthy eating pattern, such as the Mediterranean diet, is recommended. This diet is rich in vegetables, fruit, pulses, nuts, whole grains, fish and extra virgin olive oil. It is also advisable to reduce the consumption of red and processed meats, ultra-processed foods, sugary drinks and foods with a high salt content. 

Reducing salt intake. This is one of the most important measures for controlling blood pressure. To achieve this, it is recommended to avoid or limit foods that are high in salt, such as cured meats, canned foods, salty snacks, ready-made meals, commercial sauces and processed foods.

Alcohol consumption and smoking. It is recommended to give up smoking and to restrict alcohol consumption as much as possible. Smoking increases overall cardiovascular risk and contributes to damage to the blood vessels. Alcohol consumption can increase blood pressure and make it more difficult to control, particularly when consumed in large amounts. 

Rest and sleep. Good-quality sleep is an important part of a healthy lifestyle. Lack of sleep, insomnia or certain conditions such as obstructive sleep apnoea can contribute to higher blood pressure and make it more difficult to manage. People who experience loud snoring, breathing pauses during sleep, daytime sleepiness or persistent high blood pressure should be considered for further evaluation.

Maintaining a healthy weight. Excess weight and obesity increase the risk of developing high blood pressure and may make it more difficult to manage. Losing weight when needed can help lower blood pressure and improve other cardiovascular risk factors, such as diabetes, dyslipidaemia and metabolic syndrome.

Physical activity. Regular physical activity is recommended and should be adapted to each person’s age, medical condition and functional ability. Aerobic exercise, such as brisk walking, cycling, swimming or dancing, helps to lower blood pressure and improve cardiovascular health. 

Combining aerobic exercise with strength training may also provide additional benefits. Strength training should be introduced gradually and following the advice of healthcare professionals, particularly for people with cardiovascular disease, functional limitations or poorly controlled high blood pressure. 

Stress and emotional wellbeing. Long-term stress can affect lifestyle habits and contribute to temporary increases in blood pressure. Self-care measures, adequate rest, regular physical activity, social support, and access to professional care when required may contribute to improved overall wellbeing and better adherence to treatment. 

Social support and patient education. Patient education helps people to better understand their condition, recognise the importance of treatment and take an active role in managing their own health. The involvement of family members or caregivers can help improve adherence to recommendations, support the correct use of medication and encourage regular blood pressure monitoring at home.