Prognosis for epilepsy

Acute complications of epilepsy are directly related to seizures. One of the most serious is status epilepticus, which consists of one seizure lasting over 5 minutes or recurrent epileptic attacks without recovering consciousness between them. This is a medical emergency requiring immediate attention to prevent permanent brain damage or even death. 

During a seizure, there is the risk of physical injuries due to falls, blows or accidents, especially while driving or operating machinery. Respiratory problems may also occur if the person inhales saliva, food or liquids, which can lead to aspiration pneumonia. It is crucial that those around the patient know how to act in an attack, by not restraining the patient excessively while protecting him from possible injury, and placing the patient in the recovery position towards the end of the attack. 

Long-term complications of epilepsy can significantly affect the quality of life of sufferers. Among them are psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety and mood disorders, which arise from the impact of living with a chronic disease and the possible associated social stigma. Some patients also experience cognitive difficulties, including problems with memory, processing information and attention, either as a result of recurrent seizures or as a side effect of antiepileptic medications. 

Insufficient control of epileptic crises can limit the ability to work, study, drive and take part in social activities, which can lead to isolation and reduce general well-being. There is also an increased risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), especially if poorly controlled. Therefore, comprehensive management that includes regular medical monitoring, adherence to psychological treatment and social support is essential to minimise these risks and improve quality of life.