What is Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)?
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a neurological condition that primarily affects movement, balance and eye control, and over time can also have an impact on thinking and behaviour. It is also known as Steele–Richardson–Olszewski Syndrome.
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) disease explained in first person
PSP belongs to a group of conditions known as atypical parkinsonian disorders, as it shares certain symptoms and biological characteristics with both Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Although it is less common than these diseases, its prevalence and severity are similar to those of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).
In PSP, the regions of the brain most affected are the brainstem, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and basal ganglia. These areas are essential for controlling movement, balance, eye movement and other vital functions.
In this condition, neurons gradually deteriorate. Over time, these cells stop working properly and may eventually die.
Research has shown that this process is linked to a protein called tau, which is normally found in neurons and the cells that support them. In PSP, tau builds up abnormally inside the cells, forming clumps.
These clumps can disrupt normal cell function and contribute to the damage and death of neurons. The progressive loss of these cells helps explain the appearance and worsening of the disease’s symptoms.
How many people are affected?
PSP is a rare neurological condition, although it is probably more common than previously thought.
It is estimated to affect between 2 and 5 people per 100,000 inhabitants. It usually begins after the age of 50 and is more common in people over 60. Men and women are affected equally.
Some recent studies suggest that many cases go undiagnosed, as it is often mistaken for other diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease or cerebral vascular disorders.
Diagnostic tests for PSP
In addition to clinical assessment, complementary tests are used to help diagnose PSP and rule out other diseases:
Blood tests and other diagnostic tests to rule out genetic causes, metabolic disorders, or other neurodegenerative diseases.
Brain imaging tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), SPECT or PET scans, which provide information about how the brain is functioning.
While these tests do not confirm PSP on their own, they help to reinforce the diagnosis and reduce the risk of confusion with other diseases.
Substantiated information by:
Published: 3 March 2026
Updated: 3 March 2026
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