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Constipation is difficulty in passing stool. This causes bowel movements to be infrequent or require greater effort. Although it is usually a sympt...
Bone densitometry, or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, is the most commonly used non-invasive test to diagnose osteoporosis.
Hysteroscopy is an endoscopic procedure for direct visualisation of the vagina, cervix and uterine cavity using an optical device (hysteroscope) in...
Refractive errors are disorders of the eye that prevent images from being properly focused on the retina, which results in blurry vision. These def...
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that allows the bronchial tree to be examined, and samples of secretions or tissues to be taken.
Urodynamic testing is a diagnostic test designed to show how the urinary bladder and the urethra are functioning. The way in which the bladder beha...
Renal lithiasis is a disease caused by the presence of calculi, or stones, inside the kidneys or urinary tract (ureter or bladder). It is also know...
Muscular diseases or myopathies are an alteration in the ability to contract muscles efficiently. Although the motor order is generated in the brai...
Mitochondrial myopathies or encephalomyopathies are neurological diseases which as well as affecting muscles, also involve alterations in the nervo...
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a group of diseases that present as muscle weakness and inflamed muscle tissues in muscle biopsy. Th...
Healthy eating is one of the main tools for preventing and treating chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and neurological...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory disease of the joints. It is characterised by pain and swelling of both the small and lar...
A Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a molecular biology technique that seeks to amplify a fragment of genetic material millions of times. The PCR...
Serological tests allow us to find out the immune response against an infectious agent. For this reason, they can be used for diagnostic purposes a...
Antigen tests are immunoassays that are frequently used to rapidly diagnose infectious diseases. They detect the presence of proteins from a specif...
An electrocardiogram, also known as an ECG or EKG, is a non-invasive scan that allows the heart’s electrical activity to be studied at a given time...
The Holter study is a non-invasive scan that allows the frequency and type of heart rhythm to be studied. Unlike the electrocardiogram, which allow...
The objective of the heel prick test is to detect certain serious diseases at birth. Most of these conditions are rare, and genetic in origin. It m...
Kidney transplantation is a surgical treatment in which a healthy kidney obtained from a living or cadaver donor is grafted into a patient with end...
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age (between 6-20% depending on the criteria cons...